Feet of Fines CP 25/1/6/80
abstracted by
Chris Phillips
This piece contains fines numbered 1-27.
AALT images are in directory (full path) AALT2/CP25no1/CP25_1_6.
2008-11-28
- Last updated
1189
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One month from Easter, 13 Henry VI [15 May 1435].
Lawrence Pygot of Dunstaple,
William Cauntelowe, citizen and mercer of London',
Alan Johnson', citizen and grocer of London', and
Robert Valaunce, querents, and
Richard Bromley and
Agnes, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage in Dunstaple.
Plea of covenant.
Richard and Agnes have acknowledged the messuage to be the right of Lawrence,
as that which Lawrence, William, Alan and Robert have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Agnes
to Lawrence, William, Alan and Robert and the heirs of Lawrence for ever.
Warranty.
Lawrence, William, Alan and Robert have given them 20 marks of silver.
Lawrence Pigott,
William Cantlow,
Alan Johnson,
Robert Valance,
Richard Bromley,
Agnes Bromley
Dunstable, London
1190
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One month from Easter, 13 Henry VI [15 May 1435].
John Pecke the younger and
Thomas Croxston', querents, and
Ralph Spereman and
Agnes, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage in Elnestowe.
Plea of covenant.
Ralph and Agnes have acknowledged the messuage to be the right of John,
as that which John and Thomas have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Agnes
to John and Thomas and the heirs of John for ever.
Warranty.
John and Thomas have given them 20 marks of silver.
John Peck,
Thomas Croxton,
Ralph Spearman,
Agnes Spearman
Elstow
1191
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after All Souls, 13 Henry VI [3 November 1434].
William Taylor and
Robert Taylor, querents, and
Richard Haynes and
Emma, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage and 1 acre and 1 rood of land in
Parua Coupoll'.
Plea of covenant.
Richard and Emma have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of William,
as those which William and Robert have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Emma
to William and Robert and the heirs of William for ever.
Warranty.
William and Robert have given them 10 marks of silver.
William Taylor,
Robert Taylor,
Richard Haines,
Emma Haines
Cople
1192
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Three weeks from St Michael, 13 Henry VI [20 October 1434].
John Malcote, clerk,
John Gyft' and
John Ichecok' the younger, querents, and
Barnabas (Bernabas) Pegon' and
Joan, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 11 acres of land and 1 acre of meadow in
Maldon'.
Plea of covenant.
Barnabas and Joan have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of John Ichecok',
as those which the same John, John Malcote and John Gyft' have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Joan
to John, John and John and the heirs of John Ichecok' for ever.
Warranty.
John, John and John have given them 20 marks of silver.
John Mallcott,
John Gift,
John Hitchcock,
Barnabas Pagan,
Joan Pagan
Maulden
1193
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Three weeks from Easter, 14 Henry VI [29 April 1436].
Thomas Luty and
Elizabeth, his wife, querents, and
Roger Dunstall', deforciant.
1 messuage, 2 shops, 16 acres of land and 2 acres of meadow in
Bedford'.
Plea of covenant.
Roger has acknowledged the tenements to be the right of Thomas,
as those which Thomas and Elizabeth have of his gift,
and has remised and quitclaimed them from himself and his heirs
to Thomas and Elizabeth and the heirs of Thomas for ever.
Warranty.
Thomas and Elizabeth have given him 20 pounds sterling.
Thomas Luty,
Elizabeth Luty,
Roger Dunstall
Bedford
1194
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after Ascension, 15 Henry VI [10 May 1437].
Lawrence Cheyne, esquire,
William Alyngton' the younger, esquire,
Thomas Wesenham, esquire,
Walter Taylard',
Robert Gonyld', clerk,
Roger Holbech' and
Edmund Tyteshale, querents, and
Robert Stonham and
Mary, his wife, deforciants.
The manor of Sandeye.
Plea of covenant.
Robert Stonham and Mary have acknowledged the manor to be the right of
Lawrence, William, Thomas, Walter, Robert Gonyld', Roger and Edmund,
as that which Lawrence, William, Thomas, Walter, Robert Gonyld', Roger and Edmund have of their gift.
Lawrence, William, Thomas, Walter, Robert Gonyld', Roger and Edmund have granted to Robert Stonham and Mary the manor
and have rendered it to them in the court,
to hold to Robert and Mary for their lives, of the lord king and his heirs.
And after the deaths of Robert and Mary the manor shall remain to
John Broughton' and
Elizabeth, his wife,
and the heirs of their bodies, to hold of the lord king and his heirs for ever.
In default of such heirs, remainder to the right heirs of Mary.
This agreement was made by the command of the lord king.
Lawrence Cheyne,
William Allington,
Thomas Weasenham,
Walter Taillard,
Robert Gunnild,
Roger Holbeach,
Edmund Tittleshall,
Robert Stonham,
Mary Stonham,
John Broughton,
Elizabeth Broughton
Sandy
1195
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Two weeks from St John the Baptist, 15 Henry VI [8 July 1437].
And afterwards one week from St Hilary, 16 Henry VI [20 January 1438].
John Gloue the younger,
John Strenger,
Thomas Clay and
John Tayllour of Caldecote, querents, and
John Flynt and
Joan, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 28 acres of land, 5 acres of meadow, 2 acres of pasture and 18 pence of rent in
Stanford'.
Plea of covenant.
John Flynt and Joan have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of John Gloue,
as those which the same John, John Strenger, Thomas and John Taillour have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Joan
to John Gloue, John Strenger, Thomas and John Tayllour and the heirs of John Gloue for ever.
Warranty.
John Gloue, John Strenger, Thomas and John Tayllour have given them 20 marks of silver.
John Glove,
John Strenger,
Thomas Clay,
John Taylor,
John Flint,
Joan Flint
Caldecote (in Northill), Stanford (in Southill)
1196
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One week from the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 16 Henry VI [9 February 1438].
William Spensere and
John Morsse, querents, and
Thomas Dodenhoo and
Joan, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 60 acres of land, 6 acres of meadow and 8 acres of pasture in
Parua Stoghton' and Pertenhale.
Plea of covenant.
Thomas and Joan have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of William,
as those which William and John have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Joan
to William and John and the heirs of William for ever.
Warranty.
William and John have given them 100 marks of silver.
William Spencer,
John Morse,
Thomas Duddenhoe,
Joan Duddenhoe
Little Staughton, Pertenhall
1197
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 17 Henry VI [3 February 1439].
John Loughton',
Thomas Dalton' and
William Fermour, chaplain, querents, and
John Norys of London', cooper, and
Maud, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage in Dunstaple.
Plea of covenant.
John Norys and Maud have acknowledged the messuage to be the right of William,
as that which William, John Loughton' and Thomas have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Maud
to John Loughton', Thomas and William and the heirs of William for ever.
Warranty.
John Loughton', Thomas and William have given them 20 marks of silver.
John Loughton,
Thomas Dalton,
William Fermor,
John Norris,
Maud Norris
London, Dunstable
1198
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One week from the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 17 Henry VI [9 February 1439].
William Ludsop', querent, and
Margaret, daughter of
John Clerk', late the wife of
John Crest, deforciant.
1 messuage, 16 acres of land and 1 and a half acres of meadow in
Sharnbrok'.
Plea of covenant.
Margaret has acknowledged the tenements to be the right of William,
as those which he has of her gift,
and has remised and quitclaimed them from herself and her heirs
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
William has given her 20 marks of silver.
William Ludsopp,
John Clarke,
Margaret Clarke,
John Crest
Sharnbrook
1199
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One month from St Michael, 17 Henry VI [27 October 1438].
And afterwards two weeks from Easter in the same year [19 April 1439].
John Brokholes, clerk, and
Henry Gayrstang', querents, and
Richard Bekeryng', son and heir of
Elizabeth Bekeryng', deforciant.
The manor of Sharpenhowe in the parish of Segenhowe, which
Robert Harpour of Hempthill' and
Elizabeth, his wife, hold for their lives.
Plea of covenant.
Richard has acknowledged the manor to be the right of Henry,
and has granted for himself and his heirs that the manor
- which Robert and Elizabeth held for their lives of the inheritance of Richard on the day the agreement was made,
and which after the decease of Robert and Elizabeth ought to revert to Richard and his heirs -
after the decease of Robert and Elizabeth shall remain to John and Henry and the heirs of Henry,
to hold of the chief lords for ever.
Warranty.
John and Henry have given him 100 marks of silver.
John Brockholes,
Henry Garstang,
Richard Beckering,
Elizabeth Beckering,
Robert Harper,
Elizabeth Harper
Sharpenhoe (in Streatley), Segenhoe (in Ridgmont), Ampthill
1200
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One month from St Michael, 17 Henry VI [27 October 1438].
William Leche, querent, and
William Hogekyn' and
Alice, his wife, deforciants.
1 toft, 8 acres and 1 rood of land and 1 and a half acres of meadow in
Felmersham.
Plea of covenant.
William Hogekyn' and Alice have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of William Leche,
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Alice
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
William Leche has given them 10 marks of silver.
William Leech,
William Hodgkin,
Alice Hodgkin
Felmersham
1201
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One week from St Michael, 17 Henry VI [6 October 1438].
Richard Bekeryng', son and heir of
Elizabeth Bekeryng', querent, and
Robert Harpour and
Elizabeth, his wife, deforciants.
The manor of Sharpenhowe in the parish of Segenhowe.
Plea of covenant.
Robert and Elizabeth have acknowledged the manor to be the right of Richard,
as that which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Elizabeth
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
Richard has granted to Robert and Elizabeth the manor
and has rendered it to them in the court,
to hold to Robert and Elizabeth for the lives of Robert and Elizabeth, without impeachment of waste, of Richard and his heirs,
rendering yearly 1 rose at the feast of the Nativity of St John the Baptist, and doing to the chief
lords all other services.
And after the decease of Robert and Elizabeth the manor shall revert to Richard and his heirs, quit of the heirs of Robert and Elizabeth,
to hold of the chief lords for ever.
Richard Beckering,
Elizabeth Beckering,
Robert Harper,
Elizabeth Harper
Sharpenhoe (in Streatley), Segenhoe (in Ridgmont)
1202
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One week from the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 18 Henry VI [9 February 1440].
Thomas Boughton', esquire, querent, and
Thomas Rome and
Alice, his wife, deforciants.
4 messuages, 2 tofts, 200 acres of land, 12 acres of meadow, 40 acres of wood and 4 shillings of rent in
Syluesho, Flytte, Pulloxhull' and
Eyen'.
Plea of covenant.
Thomas Rome and Alice have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of Thomas Boughton',
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Alice
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
Thomas Boughton' has given them 100 pounds sterling.
Thomas Boughton,
Thomas Rome,
Alice Rome
Silsoe (in Flitton), Flitton, Pulloxhill,
Haynes
1203
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after St John the Baptist, 18 Henry VI [25 June 1440].
William Rusby, querent, and
John Fitz and
Margaret, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 1 dove-cot, 90 acres of land, 10 acres of pasture, 13 acres of meadow, 1 and a half acres of wood, 3 acres of moor and
17 pence of rent in
Pulhanger and Mepertesale.
Plea of covenant.
John and Margaret have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of William,
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of John
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty against John, prior of Caldwell, and his successors.
William has given them 100 marks of silver.
William Rusby,
John Fitz,
Margaret Fitz
Polehanger (in Meppershall), Meppershall
1204
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One week from St John the Baptist, 18 Henry VI [1 July 1440].
John Broghton', esquire,
John Wenlok', esquire,
John Fitz and
Margaret, his wife,
William Halle,
William Stanford' and
John Gloue, querents, and
John Sponer and
Maud, his wife, deforciants.
The manor of Westhey with appurtenances in Higham Gobion' and
98 acres of land and 18 acres of meadow in
Syuelso and Barton'.
Plea of covenant.
John Sponer and Maud have acknowledged the manor and tenements to be the right of John Fitz,
as those which the same John and Margaret, John Broghton', John Wenlok', William, William and John Gloue have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Maud
to John Broghton', John Wenlok', John Fitz and Margaret, William, William and John Gloue and the heirs of John Fitz for ever.
John Broghton', John Wenlok', John Fitz and Margaret, William, William and John Gloue have given them 300 marks of silver.
John Broughton,
John Wenlock,
John Fitz,
Margaret Fitz,
William Hall,
William Stanford,
John Glove,
John Spooner,
Maud Spooner
Westhey (in Higham Gobion), Higham Gobion, Silsoe (in Flitton),
Barton in the Clay
1205
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after Ascension, 18 Henry VI [6 May 1440].
Henry Brounflete, knight, and
John Smyth', clerk, querents, and
John Cory of Barnak' and
Agnes, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 62 acres of land, 14 acres of meadow and 20 acres of pasture in
Colworth', Scharnebrok' and Suldrop'.
Plea of covenant.
John Cory and Agnes have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of John Smyth',
as those which the same John and Henry have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Agnes
to Henry and John Smyth' and the heirs of John for ever.
Warranty.
Henry and John Smyth' have given them 20 marks of silver.
Henry Bromfleet,
John Smith,
John Cory,
Agnes Cory
Barnack (in Northamptonshire), Colmworth, Sharnbrook,
Souldrop
1206
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after St Martin, 18 Henry VI [12 November 1439].
Lawrence Pycot,
William Anable,
Henry Mauntell' and
John Skynner, querents, and
Richard Busshe and
Agnes, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage in Dunstaple.
Plea of covenant.
Richard and Agnes have acknowledged the messuage to be the right of Lawrence,
as that which Lawrence, William, Henry and John have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Agnes
to Lawrence, William, Henry and John and the heirs of Lawrence for ever.
Warranty.
Lawrence, William, Henry and John have given them 10 marks of silver.
Lawrence Picot,
William Anable,
Henry Mantle,
John Skinner,
Richard Bush,
Agnes Bush
Dunstable
1207
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Two weeks from St Hilary, 19 Henry VI [27 January 1441].
John Cornewaill', knight,
lord de Faunhope, querent, and
William Beauchamp', knight, and
Elizabeth, his wife, deforciants.
The manors of Amptehill', Millebroke and Houghton' and
900 acres of land, 140 acres of meadow, 400 acres of pasture, 280 acres of wood, 200 acres of heath and 100 shillings of rent in
Amptehill', Millebroke, Houghton',
Stepyngle and Prestley.
Plea of covenant.
William and Elizabeth have acknowledged the manors and tenements to be the right of John,
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Elizabeth
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty against John Bromham, prior of Newnham, and his successors.
John has given them 100 marks of silver.
John Cornwall,
lord de Fanhope,
William Beauchamp,
Elizabeth Beauchamp
Ampthill, Millbrook,
Houghton Conquest, Steppingley, Priestley (in Flitwick)
1208
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Two weeks from Easter, 19 Henry VI [30 April 1441].
And afterwards one week from Holy Trinity in the same year [18 June 1441].
Richard Gerveys and
Joan, his wife, and
John Fissher of Pabenham the elder, querents, and
Henry Bouer
(or Henry Boner) and
Alice, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 28 acres and 3 roods of land, 1 acre of meadow and 5 shillings, 2 pence and 1 farthing of rent in
Bromham, excepting 1 rood of land.
Plea of covenant.
Henry and Alice have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of Richard and Joan and John,
as those which Richard and Joan and John have of their gift,
to hold to Richard and Joan and John and their heirs, of the lord king and his heirs for ever.
Warranty by Henry and Alice for themselves and their heirs [sic].
Richard and Joan and John have given them 100 marks of silver.
This agreement was made by the command of the lord king.
Richard Gervase,
Joan Gervase,
John Fisher,
Henry Bower
(or Henry Boner),
Alice Bower
(or Alice Boner)
Pavenham, Bromham
1209
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after All Souls, 20 Henry VI [3 November 1441].
John Laurence, querent, and
William Fortho and
Elizabeth, his wife, deforciants.
The manor of Edworthe and the advowson of the church of the same vill,
12 messuages, 4 tofts, 12 virgates and 200 acres of land, 10 acres of meadow, 20 acres of pasture and 100 shillings of rent in
Edworthe.
Plea of covenant.
William and Elizabeth have acknowledged the manor, tenements and advowson to be the right of John,
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Elizabeth
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
John has given them 300 pounds sterling.
John Lawrence,
William Furtho,
Elizabeth Furtho
Edworth
1210
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after St Martin, 20 Henry VI [12 November 1441].
John Goldsmyth', chaplain, and
Thomas Flemmyng', querents, and
John Ordewey and
Joan, his wife, and
Thomas Ordewey and
Christian, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage in Bedford'.
Plea of covenant.
John Ordewey and Joan, Thomas Ordewey and Christian have acknowledged the messuage to be the right of John Goldsmyth',
as that which the same John and Thomas Flemmyng' have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Joan and Christian
to John Goldsmyth' and Thomas Flemmyng' and the heirs of John for ever.
Warranty.
John Goldsmyth' and Thomas Flemmyng' have given them 20 pounds sterling.
John Goldsmith,
Thomas Fleming,
John Ordway,
Joan Ordway,
Thomas Ordway,
Christian Ordway
Bedford
1211
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
The day after the Purification of the Blessed Mary, 21 Henry VI [3 February 1443].
Richard Beauchamp', clerk,
Walter Taillard',
Nicholas Crykkelade,
Robert Warner,
William Alyngton' the younger,
Thomas Lauyngton' and
John Loughton', querents, and
William Beauchamp', knight, and
Elizabeth, his wife, deforciants.
The manor of Herlyngdon'.
Plea of covenant.
William Beauchamp' and Elizabeth have acknowledged the manor to be the right of Robert,
as that which Robert, Richard, Walter, Nicholas, William Alyngton', Thomas and John have of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed it from themselves and the heirs of Elizabeth
to Richard, Walter, Nicholas, Robert, William Alyngton', Thomas and John and the heirs of Robert for ever.
Warranty.
Richard, Walter, Nicholas, Robert, William Alyngton', Thomas and John have given them 500 pounds sterling.
Richard Beauchamp,
Walter Taillard,
Nicholas Cricklade,
Robert Warner,
William Allington,
Thomas Lavington,
John Loughton,
William Beauchamp,
Elizabeth Beauchamp
Harlington
1212
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
One month from Easter, 21 Henry VI [19 May 1443].
John Broughton', querent, and
John Roxton' and
Maud, his wife, deforciants.
2 messuages and 1 acre of land in
Todyngdon'.
Plea of covenant.
John Roxton' and Maud have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of John Broughton',
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Maud
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
John Broughton' has given them 10 pounds sterling.
John Broughton,
John Roxton,
Maud Roxton
Toddington
1213
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Two weeks from Easter, 21 Henry VI [5 May 1443].
John Harpur and
William Lowe, querents, and
Thomas Kerdeston', knight, and
Philippe, his wife, deforciants.
The manor of Bozouns,
8 messuages, 1000 acres of land, 36 acres of wood and 5 marks of rent in
Stachesden', Turvey, Bromham,
Felmesham and Radewell'.
Plea of covenant.
Thomas and Philippe have acknowledged the manor and tenements to be the right of John,
of which John and William have 2 parts of the manor, 6 messuages, 960 acres of land, 24 acres of wood and
46 shillings and 8 pence of rent of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Philippe
to John and William and the heirs of John for ever.
And besides Thomas and Philippe granted for themselves and the heirs of Philippe that the third part of the manor,
2 messuages, 400 [sic] acres of land, 12 acres of wood and 20 shillings of rent
- which Joan Bozoun
held for life of the inheritance of Philippe in the aforesaid vills on the day the agreement was made,
and which after the decease of Joan ought to revert to Thomas and Philippe and the heirs of Philippe -
after the decease of Joan shall remain to John and William and the heirs of John, to hold
together with the aforesaid 2 parts and tenements, of the chief lords for ever.
John and William have given them 200 pounds sterling.
John Harper,
William Lowe,
Thomas Kerdeston,
Philippe Kerdeston,
Joan Boson
Bosoms (in Stagsden), Stagsden, Turvey,
Bromham, Felmersham, Radwell (in Felmersham)
1214
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Two weeks from Holy Trinity, 21 Henry VI [30 June 1443].
Thomas Gydcroft, querent, and
Edward Baker and
Eleanor, his wife, deforciants.
1 messuage, 40 acres of land, 10 acres of meadow and 1 penny of rent in Luton'.
Plea of covenant.
Edward and Eleanor have acknowledged the tenements to be the right of Thomas,
as those which he has of their gift,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of Eleanor
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
Thomas has given them 20 pounds sterling.
Thomas Gidcroft,
Edward Baker,
Eleanor Baker
Luton
1215
Bedfordshire.
Westminster.
Two weeks from St John the Baptist, 21 Henry VI [8 July 1443].
Lawrence Pygot of Dunstaple, querent, and
John Haldenby and
Joan, his wife,
Henry Haldenby,
Robert Haldenby,
Robert Mordaunt and
Elizabeth, his wife, and
William Haldenby the elder, deforciants.
The manor of Wypsnade and
50 acres of land in Wypsnade and Stodham.
Plea of covenant.
John and Joan, Henry, Robert, Robert and Elizabeth and William have acknowledged the manor and land to be
the right of Lawrence,
and have remised and quitclaimed them from themselves and the heirs of John
to him and his heirs for ever.
Warranty.
Lawrence has given them 100 marks of silver.
Lawrence Pigott,
John Haldenby,
Joan Haldenby,
Henry Haldenby,
Robert Haldenby,
Robert Mordaunt,
Elizabeth Mordaunt,
William Haldenby
Dunstable, Whipsnade, Studham